|
The 1888 North Canterbury earthquake occurred at on 1 September 1888 following a sequence of foreshocks that started the previous evening, and whose epicentre was in the North Canterbury region of the South Island of New Zealand. The epicentre was approximately west of Hanmer. In Christchurch, about southeast of the epicentre, shaking lasted for 40 to 50 seconds. The magnitude of the earthquake is estimated to be in the range 7.0–7.3. Severe damage to farm buildings in the epicentral region was reported and the top of the spire of ChristChurch Cathedral collapsed. It was the first earthquake observed to be associated with mainly horizontal fault displacement. ==Tectonic setting== New Zealand lies along the boundary between the Australian and Pacific plates. * In the South Island, most of the relative displacement between these plates is taken up along a single dextral (right lateral) strike-slip fault with a major reverse component, the Alpine Fault. * In the North Island, displacement is mainly taken up along the Kermadec-Tonga subduction zone, although the remaining dextral strike-slip component is accommodated by the North Island Fault System.〔Mouslopoulou, V., Nicol, A., Little, T. A., & Walsh, J. J. (2007). (Terminations of large strike-slip faults: an alternative model from New Zealand ). Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 290 (1), pp 387-415.〕 The earthquake occurred on the Hope Fault, one of the group of dextral strike-slip structures known as the Marlborough Fault System that transfer displacement between the mainly transform and convergent type plate boundaries in a complex zone at the northern end of South Island.〔Van Dissen, R., & Yeats, R. S. (1991). (Hope fault, Jordan thrust, and uplift of the seaward Kaikoura Range, New Zealand ) ''Geology'' 19 (4), pp 393-396〕 Alexander McKay, a geologist working for the geological survey, observed horizontal offsets in farm fences between along the fault. He was the first to associate a strike-slip displacement with an earthquake. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「1888 North Canterbury earthquake」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|